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Allergic anaphylactic shock (allergic shock or anaphylactic shock) is the most severe form of allergic reaction. It represents the final stage of an intense and generalized allergic response of the body, known as an anaphylactic reaction or anaphylaxis.
Course and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a powerful allergic reaction that develops rapidly and can become life-threatening. Symptoms may appear from different body systems:
- Skin: Appearance of urticaria (hives) and/or angioedema.
- Gastrointestinal System: Vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
- Respiratory System: Runny nose, sneezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
- Cardiovascular System: Drop in blood pressure causing dizziness, blurred vision, or even fainting.
When symptoms appear from at least two of the above systems, the allergic reaction is classified as anaphylactic. If anaphylaxis is not treated immediately, it may lead to a severe drop in blood pressure, resulting in the condition known as allergic shock.
Causes of Anaphylaxis
- Foods: In children, common allergens include eggs, cow’s milk, peanuts, fish, seafood, wheat, and soy. In adolescents and adults, allergies to nuts and seafood are more common.
- Medications: Including antibiotics (e.g. penicillin, amoxicillin), painkillers, and contrast agents.
- Insect Venoms: Stings from bees, wasps, and spiders.
- Materials: Latex from balloons or condoms.
- Other Factors: Physical exercise after consuming specific foods, as well as exposure to cold in cases of physical urticaria.
Management of Anaphylactic Reaction
For proper management, it is essential that the patient knows:
- What anaphylaxis is.
- The symptoms that may indicate an impending anaphylactic reaction.
- Conditions that resemble anaphylaxis but are not.
Knowledge and early recognition of symptoms are crucial in preventing serious complications.
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